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by Ahmad Shuja Jamal (Author), William Maley (Author)
The Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan in 2021 was the result of declining active support for the government, and of waste and inefficiency in aid delivery. Yet, while corrosive, these problems were not in themselves sufficient to have brought about a collapse. To a significant degree, they were the result of early failings in institutional design, reflecting an American inclination to pursue short-term policy approaches that created perverse incentives-thus interfering with the long-term objective of stability.
Ahmad Shuja Jamal was director-general for international relations on Kabul's National Security Council (2019-21). He was previously a Fulbright scholar (Georgetown University), and worked for Human Rights Watch.
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